Author: Ifigeneia

Deadline Extension

The deadline for the submission of abstracts for the 2nd International Forum on Cooperative law will be extended until the end of July.

 

2nd International Forum on Cooperative Law “COOPERATIVE LAW AND COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES”  Athens, 26-28 September 2018

PROGRAM (including powerpoint presentations/videos)

Wednesday, 26 of September


10:00-10:30 Registration

10:30- 11:45    Opening Session

Chair: Kassavetis Demosthenis, Organizing Committee

Kardasis Vasilis, Dean of the Hellenic Open University

Hellenic Ministry of Labour, Social Insurance and Social Solidarity

Roelants Bruno, Director General, International Cooperative Alliance

Message by the International Labour Organization/video

Henrÿ Hagen- Introduction to the program and latest developments in cooperative law

11:45-12:00 Break

12:00- 14:00  The legal relevance of the cooperative principles for cooperative law

Chair: Fajardo Gemma

Fajardo Gemma, The participation of the member in the economic activity of the cooperative as an essential element of their identity

Frantzeskaki Maria, Fostering the cooperative principle of the democratic member control/powerpoint presentation

Stamboulis Yeoryios, The economic reasoning of cooperative law institutions/powerpoint presentation

Gaudio Ronaldo, Cooperative identity in two dimensions – Dialogue between cooperative principles and economic structure to improve regulation and development/powerpoint presentation

Karathanos Vayos,The nutritional research on Corinthian currant as a vehicle for development of a modern Cooperative.

José Eduardo de Miranda, de Souza, Leonardo, The secondary role of cooperative principles in Brazilian law and its effect on the autonomy of cooperative law/powerpoint presentation

14:00- 15:00 Break 2

15:00- 16:30 Round Table between economists and lawyers, the motto being: “What can we/what must we learn from each other”?

16:30 – Acropolis Museum Visit

17:00-19:00  Workshop for students and lawyers: Introduction to cooperatives and cooperative law – Collaboration with European Law Students’ Association – Henrÿ Hagen, Kassavetis Demosthenis

 

Thursday, 28 of September 2018


10:00 10:30   Registration

10:30 -12:00 Cooperative law and the legal framework of the social economy

Chair: Geormas Konstantinos

Kalimeri Eleni, Barkas Ioannis, The legal framework of the Social Solidarity Economy in Greece

Adam Sofia, Cooperatives as Social Solidarity Economy Agents. The case of Law 4430 2016 in Greece/powerpoint presentation

Melissourgos Georgios, Salasidou Panagiota, Meddling with the chaos: Which Greek legal forms may hold the status of Bodies of Social Solidarity Economy?

Geormas Konstantinos, New legal environment of the Greek Social and Solidarity Economy Impediments and opportunities for the development of the sector/presentation

Mprechas Loukas, Greek legislation and cooperative identity- SSE /powerpoint presentation [in Greek]

Tryfona Ioanna, Keranis Giorgos, Recommendations on the framework of Worker Buyouts of failing or bankrupt companies within the context of Social and Solidarity Economy organizations

12:00: 12:15 Break 1

12:15- 14:15     The legal relevance of the cooperative principles for other fields of law
Chair: Nikolaou Kostas

Vouroutzis Zisis, The liability of the governing bodies of agricultural cooperatives in relation to the provisions of the environmental legislation

Silva, Vanessa, Brazilian Environmental Law, Cooperatives and Social Responsibility/powerpoint presentation

Ferraz Teixeira Marianna, Cooperativism and the gender inclusion at labor market and access to credit/powerpoint presentation

Nikolaou Kostas, Social and legal aspects of the co-operative labor/powerpoint presentation

Saridis Isidoros, The provisions of Greek tax law according to social economy enterprises

14:15- 15:00 Break 2

15:00- 17:00 Legal requirements for specific types of cooperatives by sector (e.g. agricultural, banking, energy cooperatives)
Chair: Cusa Emanuele

Singh Sukhpal, Farmer Producer Companies as Legal and Institutional Innovation in Agriculture in India An examination of potential, impact, challenges, and policy/powerpoint presentation

Fefes Michael, The greek anti-paradigm. How legislation on agricultural cooperatives causes their failure/powerpoint presentation

Kapellidis Manolis, The need to modernize the legal framework on cooperative banks

Cusa Emanuele, Renewable energy communities and energy cooperatives.Organizational innovations to combine democracy and sustainable development/powerpoint presentation

17:00- 17:15 Break 3

17: 15 – 18: 45  Legal requirements for specific types of cooperatives by governance/structure (e.g. workers’ cooperatives, multi-stakeholder cooperatives, social cooperatives)

Chair: Meira Deolinda

Koupidis Sotiris, Buying social: Social cooperatives and public procurement

Mytrosyli Maria, The establishment of limited liability social cooperatives as a treatment facility and social enterprise/powerpoint presentation [in Greek]

Sarmiento Antonio, The social cooperatives of services for workers and the need of an adequate legal framework for their operation/powerpoint presentation

Meira Deolinda, The Portuguese social solidarity cooperatives versus the general interest cooperatives/powerpoint presentation

Aitor Bengoetxea, Employment in worker cooperatives

 

Friday, 28 of September 2018


10:00 10:30 Registration

10:30- 11:40 The harmonization and unification of cooperative law at national, regional and international level
Chair: Ger Van der Sangen

Ger Van der Sangen, The Principles of European Cooperative Law and their Impact on Future Law-making on Cooperatives/powerpoint presentation

Kaponis Panos, Interferences of state and courts in the cooperatives’ function/presentation [in Greek]

Santoso Edy, Cooperative principles on transportation network policy through opening new deal collaboration/powerpoint presentation

Cesar Milena, The judicial precedent as a tool for research and study of Cooperative Law The Brazilian experience/powerpoint presentation

Douvitsa Ifigeneia, The unification of the Greek cooperative legal framework/powerpoint presentation

11:40-12:00 Break 1

12:00- 13:10 Cooperative law and human rights
Chair: Tsironas Thanasis

Hiez David, Voluntary membership: up to which point do cooperatives support liberalism?

Filippou Dionysis, The Greek constitutional provisions on cooperatives

Tsironas Thanasis, The formation of compulsory cooperative by law and the principle of proportionality

João Telmo Oliveira Filho, The right of cooperativism as a fundamental right: The constitutional principles and normative guidelines of Brazilian cooperativism as elements for the characterization of the fundamental right to cooperativism

13:10- 14:00 Break 2

14:00- 15:30 Cooperative law and globalization.
Chair: Tziva Efi

Tziva Efi, The cooperative banks inside and outside the financial crisis./powerpoint presentation

Nagao Menezes, Daniel Francisco, Technological Innovation, Cooperatives and Globalization in the Brazilian scenario/powerpoint presentation

DeryaNazan Ünverir, Özkan, Aybike, Cooperative Practices in Turkey for sustainable development/powerpoint presentation

Mannan, Morshed, Platform Cooperatives in Light of PECOL/powerpoint presentation

Solel Yifat, The Democratic Principle in the age of cyber Can „The Law‟ be used to the democratic principle in the age of cyber/powerpoint presentation

15:30- 15:45 Break 3

15:45- 17:45 Educational programs in the field of cooperative law
Chair: Henrÿ Hagen
Kapogiannis Dimitrios, Vathi- Sarava Panagiota, Educational cooperatives as activating institutions in creative collective activities/powerpoint presentation

Anthopoulou Theodosia, Kavoulakos Karolos, The importance of distance learning programs for the development of SSE

Henrÿ Hagen, The summer school on “Cooperative law for sustainable development” and the cooperative network studies, Ruralia Institute, Helsinki University

Tools for the research and study of cooperative law
Romenteau Arielle, Moxom Jeffrey, Obongo Erick, Dave Mohit, Legal Framework Analyses and the ICA-EU Partnership/powerpoint presentation

Bellis Vasilis, Douvitsa Ifigeneia, Kavoulakos Karolos, Nikolaou Kostas, Papaphilippou Aspa & Tzakou Anna, Approaching a dictionary on basic concepts/powerpoint presentation

Ann Apps, Robyn Donnelly and Elizabeth Makin, The co-op builder – an online tool for new Australian co-ops/powerpoint presentation

Ius Cooperativum: International Journal of Cooperative Law- World Map of cooperative lawyers

17: 45-18:00 Break 4

18:00- 18: 45 Conclusions- Henrÿ Hagen

18: 45- Dinner


 

2ND INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON COOPERATIVE LAW- CALL FOR PAPERS 

The 2nd International Forum on Cooperative Law follows the one organized in 2016 at Montevideo, Uruguay. The fruitful outcome of the Montevideo Forum – both as concerns the number of participants and the positive feed-back –  led to the decision to organize such meetings biannually.

The 2nd International Forum on Cooperative Law will be organized  at Athens by Ius Cooperativum, with the support of the International Co-operative Alliance and  of two local co-organizers: the Hellenic Open University (Athens) and the Peoples’ University on Social and Solidarity Economy (Thessaloniki).

 

Aim

Under the overall theme of “Cooperative Law and Cooperative Principles”, which is to point to the relevance of the internationally recognized cooperative principles for cooperative law, the 2nd International Forum on Cooperative Law will focus on the place of the cooperative principles in cooperative law, the research and education in the field of cooperative law, and on an exchange of views on cooperatives by lawyers and economists.

 

The themes of the Forum might include:

  1. The legal relevance (if any) of the cooperative principles for cooperative law
  2. The legal relevance (if any) of the cooperative principles for other fields of law (e.g. constitutions, administration law, tax law, bankruptcy law, labor law, competition law, bankruptcy law, audit regulations, book-keeping and accounting standards)
  3. Legal requirements (if any) for specific types of cooperatives, either by sector (e.g. agricultural, banking, energy cooperatives), or by governance/structure (e.g. workers’ cooperatives, multi-stakeholder cooperatives, social cooperatives)
  4. The unification of cooperative law at national, regional and international levels
  5. Cooperative law and the legal framework of the social economy
  6. Cooperative law and globalization.
  7. Policies on research and education in the field of cooperative law
  8. Educational programs in the field of cooperative law
  9. Tools for the research and study of cooperative law.

It is also planned to have a dialogue on any of the above or related themes between economists and lawyers, the motto being: “What can we/what must we learn from each other”?

Call for expression of interest

To express your interest in attending, please send an email to Ifigeneia Douvitsa (at: [email protected]) no later than the end of July.

If you would like to speak at the event, you are kindly invited to submit an abstract of 500-800 words to Ifigeneia Douvitsa (at: [email protected]), indicating one of the above-mentioned themes, to which it relates, no later than the end of July.

The full papers should be submitted no later than 28th August 2018 and may be considered for publication for the 2nd issue of the International Journal of Cooperative Law.

 

Organizing Committee

Alexopoulos, Yiorgos (Greece); Anthopoulou, Theodosia (Greece), Douvitsa, Ifigeneia (Greece); Giagnocavo, Cynthia (Spain); Gritzas, Giorgos (Greece); Henrÿ, Hagen (Finland); Hiez, David (Luxemburg); Kassavetis, Demosthenis (Greece); Kavoulakos, Karolos (Greece); Kritsikis, Alexandros (Greece); Nikolaou, Kostas (Greece); Roelants, Bruno (Belgium); Saridis, Isidoros (Greece); Snaith, Ian (UK).

Scientific Committee

Apps, Ann (Australia); Cracogna, Dante (Argentina); Fajardo, Gemma (Spain); Fici, Antonio (Italy); Geormas, Kostas (Greece); Kintis, Stavros (Greece); Kurimoto, Akura (Japan); Meira, Deolinda (Portugal); Munkner, Hans (Germany); Papageorgiou, Costas (Greece), Tadjudje, Willy (Africa); van der Sangen, Ger (Netherlands), Vladimirova, Oksana (Russian Federation).

 

 

Reminder for Call for Papers

We wish to remind you that the deadline for the submission of contributions for the first issue of the International Journal of Cooperative Law expires on the 31st of August. For more information please visit https://iuscooperativum.org/call-for-papers/

For any questions please contact [email protected] or [email protected]

 

Looking forward to receiving your contributions.

 

CALL FOR PAPERS

The need to know about and understand cooperative law, coupled with the absence of an academic international journal of cooperative law, gave birth to the idea of creating the:

International Journal of Cooperative Law (IJCL)

The focus of the journal is cooperative law, broadly defined as all those legal rules which regulate the structure and/or the operations of cooperatives as enterprises in the economic sense and as institutions in the legal sense, including provisions from other areas of law, applied to cooperatives.

The journal’s establishment and development aspires to contribute to fill the knowledge and research gap, while constituting the venue to establish cooperative legal theory in the discipline of law. To promote its goals, the IJCL will be an open access, online journal and its issues will be published at www.iuscooperativum.org in order to reach the highest possible number of readers.

Authors that are interested in contributing to the IJCL’s first issue – to be published at the end of 2017 – are invited to submit their work at [email protected]  before the 31th of August.

 

SUBMISSION GUIDELINES

 

  • TYPES OF CONTRIBUTIONS

The editors will consider articles, book reviews, event reports, commentaries on court cases and contributions on legislation that are of significance for a wider audience on topics related to national, regional or international cooperative law, including global and comparative perspectives.

The editors are also interested in publishing manuscripts on labor law, tax law, competition law and other areas of law that have an impact on the cooperatives’ structure and operation.

Contributions that have been previously published elsewhere in other forms or/and languages may also be submitted at the IJCL, under the condition that there will be no copyrights’ infringements.

  • LANGUAGE

The official language of the journal is English. Nevertheless, the abstract – apart from English- may be in French, German or Spanish. The rest of the manuscript does not have to be necessarily in English but, if accepted, the author is kindly invited to translate the manuscript into the IJCL’s official language.

  • LENGTH

There are no specific minimum or maximum requirements with regard to the length of the submitted manuscript

  • REFERENCE STYLE

Please use the following example for your manuscript’s citations:

JORGE, J., ALBARRÁN,, C. & SALINAS, F. (2013): “La Economía Social ante el nuevo paradigma de Bienestar social”, CIRIEC-España. Revista de Economía Pública, Social y Cooperativa, 79, 5-34.

  • PROCESS

The contributions will be subject to an anonymous peer-reviewing process, during which the article will be evaluated and a decision will be made for the article’s acceptance, revision or rejection.

 

Kindest regards,

The editors

Ifigeneia Douvitsa, Cynthia Giagnocavo, Hagen Henrÿ , David Hiez, Ian Snaith

European Mutual Insurance Award 2018

UAAM-VVOV, Lieve Lowet, partner at ICODA European Affairs and AMICE, are jointly sponsoring and promoting The European Mutual Insurance Award, which aims to encourage research and analysis in the field of mutual insurance legislation in Europe.

For more information :

European Mutual Insurance Award 2018 – award rules_en

Report of the 1st International Forum of Cooperative Law

Montevideo, 16th-18th of November 2016: cooperative law highlighted

by David Hiez and Ifigeneia Douvitsa

Several events interesting cooperative law took place in Montevideo (Uruguay), and more particularly the first international forum on Co-operative law (conference of the Law Committee of the ICA). The main event was the IVth Co-operative Summit of the Americas. In the meantime, IInd Continental Congress on Co-operative Law was scheduled, as well as the international forum.

First surprise for a European man or woman: we were not less than 140 attenders and a quick survey by show of hands indicated that most of them were lawyers. Moreover, profile were diverse: Professors, young researchers, councils, employees of cooperatives, civil servants, and all coming from different countries of Latin America, Canada, Israel and Europe. Nearly everybody attended or made a presentation to all the sessions, both of the Latin America Congress and of the International Forum. The number of young law researchers and lawyers was very promising for the development of cooperative law.

The concomitance of both events was very fruitful for two reasons. First, with regard to organization, this allowed to mutualize efforts and to profit from the presence of LatinAmerican lawyers, far more numerous. Concerning funding, there was few mutualization but a high generosity from ICA America and CUDECOOP (the Uruguayan co-operative confederation), who provided freely for the premises, the interpretation Spanish-English-English-Spanish during all three days, and offered low fees for enrollment. Such arrangements are often the outcome of personal relationships, and the friendship of Hagen Henry (Chair of the Law Committee of the ICA) and Dante Cracogna (Chair of the regional Law Committee of ICA America) is the basis of that success. The Europeans in Montevideo have had the dream that European cooperatives could share that attention for research.

The second benefit from the collaboration was intellectual. Instead of having two successive or parallel events, one American and one worldwide, the diverse sessions were mixed or joint. The outcome was very fruitful: the opportunity for everyone to learn more about research on LatinAmerican and international cooperative law, and the possibility to debate. The whole has been very stimulating, but also very friendly.

At large, eight sessions were scheduled: three for the LatinAmerican congress (the cooperative act, the regulation of financial and banking cooperatives, and the control of cooperatives), two for the international forum (cooperative law and cooperative principles, and cooperative law and economy), and three joint plenary sessions (cooperatives in constitutional law, cooperative taxation, and labor cooperatives).

It would be too long to develop all the aspects of the conference, click here to access the full programme (http://ica.coop/en/events/1st-international-forum-co-operative-law).

However, we will focus on several points. The keynote speaker for the opening of the conference has been Hagen Henry, the best comparatist of cooperative law since many years. He spoke about cooperative law for the 21st century, and developed the major questions of present cooperative law. One of the most exotic session for a European lawyer was about « acto cooperativo » that we simply translate in cooperative act. Inspired by Spanish law, cooperative act has been developed in LatinAmerican doctrine in the 60s, gained case law and legislation, and is nowadays a pillar of cooperative law.

 In our understanding, the cooperative act is the act which qualifies the relationship between the cooperative and each cooperator. It seems to be nearly exactly the opposite of the double quality principle developed in Europe. Indeed, instead of presenting two different qualities, two relationships, (as a shareholder and as a user of the cooperative’s services), the cooperative act provides for a synthesis of these two sides of the coin. The cooperator is not schizophrenic, he/she is a member for whom the political involvement and the use of cooperative’s services are the outcomes of a single quality: membership. This concept may be an answer to the problems created by the notion of double quality. Indeed, the double quality principle allows the attraction of the use relationship by a separate contract, which is itself attracted by the various contracts of traditional typology: labor contract, loan, sell…

The second interesting topic of the conference has been the control of cooperatives, considered as mix of cooperative auditing and state control. It seems that the use of cooperatives by public policies was present in all the minds, and made people reluctant to any state intervention. The situation differs from a state to another, the state is sometimes still the auditor itself. The hostility against the situation is so high that some lawyers contest the principle of external auditing itself, considering that the legitimate control must be made by members. However, most speakers defended auditing, at least with the condition that it is finally, even if indirectly, under the responsibility of the cooperative.

We may as well note a major focus on cooperative banks, and a unanimous critics addressed to the uniformity of regulation for capitalist and cooperative banks. The critic is sometimes completed by the contestation of the application for developing countries of regulation established with consideration to northern countries.

About non LatinAmerican lawyers, far less numerous, most of their presentations have been, directly or indirectly, centered on cooperative principles and their connection with cooperative law, notably through constitutional provisions, in a comparative perspective. Aside, another topic has been the relationships between cooperative law and competition law or tax law. In the detail however, the contributions were disparate, because of the various culture of the speakers. This is also the fruitfulness of such events, but it shows that the community of cooperative lawyers will profit from a stronger structuration.

Apart from the communications, two major concrete initiatives have been presented, aimed at the creation of technical tools to facilitate research in cooperative law. In one hand, ICA prepares a database of cooperative legislations. This project is ongoing, with International LaborOrganization and FAO as partners, and the possible support of the World Bank. Its structure and functionality remain vague (notably its updating), but very promising. A beta version will be online soon, with 40 countries integrated. In a medium run, it should be more than a static database, and would stimulate debates.

In the other hand, five European cooperative lawyers launched Iuscooperativum (http://www.iuscooperativum.org), a website to facilitate cooperation and dissemination of news, ideas, and stimulate debates among cooperative lawyers. This website will offer a map to provide with the contact of cooperative lawyer in the highest number of countries. The website will also contain information on case law or legislation changes, conferences, book reports… The Iuscooperativum is also planning to launch an international journal of cooperative law, to give a voice and facilitate the development of cooperative law worldwide. The website is new, initiated by academic without any institutional support, and rely only on your participation to develop.

To sum up our feeling after these three days in Montevideo, we have been impressed by the number of lawyers attending, with attention, and by the variety of the covered topics. That diversity derives from the multiple understanding of what is cooperative law, lato sensu, in connection with the traditional branches of law. The event has been closed by Hagen Henry and a closing conference of Dante Cracogna to synthesize the discussions. They both echoed the opinions expressed during the conference that such events should be organized more regularly. Would that wish be heared by european cooperatives?

New members: Welcoming Dr.Cynthia Giagnocavo and Mr. Ian Snaith

It is our privilege to announce that Dr. Cynthia Giagnocavo, University of Almería, Cátedra (Chair) Coexphal-UAL in Agriculture, Co-operative Studies and Sustainable Development; European Chair of the International Co-operative Alliance Committee of Co-operative Research; Vice Chair of the Executive Board of the International Co-operative Alliance International CCR; and Barrister, Solicitor and Attorney and Mr. Ian Snaith, Retired Senior Lecturer at the University of Leicester Law School, consultant solicitor with DWF LLP of Manchester, specialising in UK Co-operative Law, Chair of the Co-operative Heritage Trust, which runs the Rochdale Pioneers Museum, and researcher and writer on Co-operative Law, have joined our working group. Their long standing expertise, in depth understanding and knowledge of the field of cooperative law will be a great asset for iuscooperativum.

Cynthia and Ian, welcome aboard!

2017 CCR Research Conference, Stirling, UK

The 2017 ICA CCR Global conference will be hosted by the University of Stirling Scotland, on June 20-23, 2017.

The title of the conference is ‘Developing Inclusive, Collaborative and Responsible Businesses: Co-operatives in Theory, Policy and Practice’.

Deadline for abstract submission for papers, posters and proposed sessions: 10 February 2017

For more information please visit ICA’s official site: http://ica.coop/en/events/2017-ccr-research-conference-stirling-uk

Library

A selection of papers on cooperative law presented at the ICA Research Conference “New Strategies for Co-operatives: Understanding and Managing Co-operative Creation“, 24-27 May, Almeria, Spain*.

  • Hagen Henrÿ,

Cooperative unions and federations as part of the governance and organizational design of primary cooperatives

link: http://programme.exordo.com/ica2016almeria/delegates/presentation/5/

  • David Hiez,

The general interest cooperatives: a challenge for cooperative law.

link: https://iuscooperativum.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Hiez_ICA_general_interest_cooperatives.pages_pdf.pdf

  • Francisco José Torres Pérez,

Cooperatives between State control and the Collaborative Economy (draft version)

link:

  • García García, Francisco de Borja.

The relevance of the principles of co-operatism within Co-operative Law.

link:https://ica2016almeria.exordo.com/files/papers/147/final_draft/Francisco_de_Borja_Garc_a_Garc_a._The_relevance_of_the_principles_of_co-operatism_Within_Co-operative_Law.pdf

  • Ifigeneia Douvitsa,

Greek cooperative legislation during the post-crisis years: Between companization and socialization

link: greek_cooperative_legislation_during_the_post-crisis_years_-_between_companization_and_socialization

* http://www2.ual.es/ica2016almeria/

Course “CO-OPERATIVE ENTERPRISE LAW”, Helsinki University, 2016-2017

 

 

PLEASE NOTE! This course was held in 2014 and 2015, new courses will be arranged in 2017.

Target Students

Advanced Bachelor’s and Master’s students, including professionals already working, interested in co-operative law.

Synopsis

Co-operative enterprise law is only rarely part of teaching curricula, even if about one billion members around the world are involved in this special form of enterprise with an economic and social impact to match. The repeated crisis resilience of co-operatives and the growing awareness that sustainable development issues must also be addressed by and through enterprises bring this shortcoming to light. The issue is tackled by international governmental instruments and by the International Cooperative Alliance Blueprint for the Cooperative Decade 2011–2020.

This course is to create an understanding of the factors which shape co-operative law. The term “co-operative law” also incorporates other fields of law as they impact on the structure and operations of co-operatives, such as labour law, tax law, competition law and accounting and bookkeeping standards, as well as law making and implementation procedures. As students come from different national backgrounds, reference to specific co-operative laws will only be made by way of example.

Learning objectives

At the end of the course the students will be able to distinguish the co-operative form of enterprise from other forms, especially from the stock company, in terms of its legal structure. This includes co-operative management and governance, the nature and structure of its capital and its control mechanisms.

The students will learn about developments that shape co-operative laws, not least as co-operatives take new forms under globalisation. These complex developments include a general trend to harmonise law; the emergence of international regulations which directly impact on enterprises; regional co-operative legislation and regional model laws.

Course format and teaching methods

Classroom teaching connected to course literature and blended learning elements (digital material) and visits to co-operative organisations.

For more information please visit:

http://www.helsinkisummerschool.fi/courses/course/co-operative-enterprise-law/

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